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Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most immediate source of energy.
This is because carbohydrates are broken down by an enzyme called carbohydrase into glucose. Glucose is the immediate energy source.
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* More than 40 proteins and glycoproteins involved in the complement system are synthesized by the liver, macrophages, epithelial cells, they are present in the blood in plasmatic form, membrane, some have an enzymatic activity, regulator or membrane receptorThese are elements of the humoral innate immune response, they fight infections, purify immune complexes and apoptotic bodies.
<span>There are indeed three ways to activate the complement:</span>
Classical pathway: Activated by Immunoglobulins in immune complexes, aggregated Immunoglobulins, DNA, CRP, apoptotic bodies .......it involves nine fractions, starting with C1, then C4, C2, C3, to form a classical C5 convertase, then, activation of C5, C6, C7, C8, C9.
Alternative pathway: activated by polysaccharides (bacterial endotoxin), vascular wall poor in sialic acid, aggregated IgE ...C3b like is the first component in the alternate channel cascade, it will create an amplification loop, and form an alternative C5 convertase.
Lecithin pathway: Activated by mannose, fucose (carbohydrate of microorganisms)The first component is the complex MBL / MASP1 / MASP2: "mannose-binding protein": works according to the same principle as the complex C1 of the classical way (MASP2 cleaves the C4 and the rest of the cascade is equivalent to that of the classical way).
the three ways have the same outcome: A C5 convertase (formed by one of the pathways) cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b: C5b is deposited far from other fractions on the antigenic surface. The fixation of C5b in the cell is followed by that of C6, C7, C8, and C9 (9 molecules of C9): formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) ==> Death of the cell by osmotic shock
The associations are involuntary, digestive tract and arteries >> smooth; whereas voluntary, tendons, extensors >> skeletal and electrical nodes >> cardiac.
<h3>What are muscles?</h3>
Muscles are a special type of tissue that has the ability to contract in response to a given stimulus.
There are different three types of muscle fibers: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.
Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle are involuntary muscles, whereas skeletal muscle is a voluntary muscle.
Learn more about skeletal muscle here:
brainly.com/question/1283837
Answer:
In winter, the forest is extremely cold. The roots of the evergreen plants are unable to access water. The needle-like structure of these trees minimizes water loss from transpiration. The needles are also dark in color. The color allows them to absorb maximum sunlight for photosynthesis. Even with little food, the animals in the biome can access food from these trees. Squirrels can eat the seeds from the pinecones. Crossbill birds have special beaks that allow them to access the seeds. Moose eat sappy twigs. They’ve also adapted to build fat reserves to help them survive the harsh winter. Some animals hibernate, and others migrate to warmer places to survive the winter. During summer, the long days allow abundant photosynthesis. So, there’s increased plant growth accompanied by increased insect activity. Trees with seasonal leaves develop new leaves. Birds that had migrated return during the summer, when food is readily available. The plants and animals work as a system to obtain an adequate food supply throughout the year.
Explanation:
