A dual-currency bond is known to be a hybrid debt instrument that often has payment obligations over the life of the issue. A dual currency bond is a straight fixed-rate bond issued in one currency that pays coupon interest in that same currency.
- In dual currency bond, the borrower often makes coupon payments in one currency, but get the principal at maturity in another currency.
Its advantage is that Investors using this bonds often gets higher coupon payments than straight bonds etc.
Straight fixed-rate bond issues often have a Known maturity date where the principal of the bond issue is said to be repaid.
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A downgrade attack might occurs in root cause appears to be that SoC was tampered with or replaced.
A downgrade attack, also known as a bidding-down attack or version rollback attack, is a type of cryptographic attack that forces a computer system or communications protocol to switch from a modern, high-quality mode of operation to an older, lower-quality mode that is typically provided for backward compatibility with older systems. An illustration of such a problem was discovered in OpenSSL, which let the attacker to convince the client and server to use a less secure version of TLS. One of the most prevalent downgrade assaults is this one. Due to their inherent fallback to unencrypted communication, opportunistic encryption technologies like STARTTLS are typically vulnerable to downgrade attacks.
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Answer: attached to other houses in a long row in a building that is owned by a landlord housing owned by shareholders.
An apartment is a row of houses with one common entrance and a hallway. It belongs to one building wherein the rows of apartment are attached and is managed by landlords.
