Answer:
The correct answer is C. In the plaque assay for bacteriophages, the plaque is a clear zone caused by a zone of lysis.
Explanation:
The plaque assay is an approach used for titering bacteriophage stocks or determining the quantity of infectious virus in a sample. Plaques are visualized if you spot the phage on a lawn of growing compatible bacteria. Each plaque indicates an initial infection with one phage followed by lysis of neighboring bacteria in the lawn. Only viruses that cause visible damage of cells can be assayed in this way. The plaque assay is used to determine viral titer as plaque-forming units per ml so that known amounts of virus can be used to infect cells during subsequent work.
In the plaque assay for bacteriophages, the plaque is a clear zone caused by a zone of lysis.
Nuclear Fission is when a large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei with the release of energy. In other words, fission the process in which a nucleus is divided into two or more fragments, and neutrons and energy are released.
Answer:
organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere
The answer is 3/16
One dominant gene. And one recessive gene
Answer:
1) Hiatal hernia is the disorder of this 26 year old business executive. Hiatal hernia occurs when upper part of stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm, and up into the chest. THis opening is called a esophageal hiatus or diaphragmatic hiatus. It is basically a protrusion of the upper part of stomach into the chest through a tear on the chest through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm. The patient presents with :
- Chest pain
- Severe hurtburn
- Abdominal pain
- Frequent burping
- Difficulty in swallowing
- Throat soreness
2) Adequate lower esophageal pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter normally prevent gastric reflux into the esophagus when lying down or bending over.
3) As M3 receptors (parasympathetic) are distributed at the lower esophageal sphincter, cholinergic agonist activates these receptors and increases contraction thus rsulting in a decrease in contraction and preventing Gastroesophageal reflux. Similarly the anticholinergic are avoided because they will relax the LES and thus GERD will increase.
4) H2 antagonists are recommended because they decrease the acid secretion especially at night by blocking H2 receptors.
5) Elevation of the head of the bed recommended in order to encourage the gravitational flows of the contents in stomach toward the pyloric end.
6) Normal Stomach pH = 3-5
Normal esophageal pH = 6-7
pH at Lower esophagus in gastroesophageal patient = 3-5
pH of stomach in patient of GERD = 3-5 (same as that in normal)
