According to the <em>"Not Too Big Enough" </em>article, some of the <em>sources of </em><em>scale economies</em><em> in the banking and finance industry</em> are as follows:
1. Bigger banks can spread their investment (fixed) costs over more output, thereby <em>reducing the </em><em>cost per unit </em><em>and making it impossible for </em><em>smaller banks </em><em>to compete in the market</em>. Most often, the smaller banks cannot afford investments in modern banking computing power and systems management.
2. Bigger banks can <em>consolidate banking functions</em> with the <em>elimination of redundancies </em>after each merger and acquisition. The cost of redundancies also gives them economies of scale.
3. Bigger banks have access to <em>larger pools of </em>deposits and will not engage in borrowing at higher costs. Smaller banks cannot tow this line because of their small scale, lacking the required funding mix.
4. Finally, advertising works best where a bank has a large geographic spread. The cost of advertising over a large area is worth it, unlike when a small bank markets its services by advertising.
2. These economies of scale mean that Oligopolies are increasing on Wall Street, and there will be further consolidations of smaller banks. Of course, every small bank would like to engage in mergers and acquisitions to grab a share of the scale economies.
Thus, <em>as banks grow large</em>, they should be mindful that enjoying the scale economies comes with the risk of crumbling like the banks regarded as <em>"too big to fail" </em>when they build on a pack of cards.
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Answer:
has specific risk
Explanation:
Standard deviation is a measure of central tendency. It measures the variation of data from a central value. As such variables with high standard deviation have values far from the central value while standard deviation close to the central value is low.
So when individual stocks have higher standard deviation it means prices are less stable than that of market portfolio.
This can be attributed to them having specific risk. The market is not subject to diversification risk so prices tend to fluctuate less
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Financial accounting is an accounting technique used for analyzing, summarizing and reporting of financial transactions like sales costs, purchase costs, payables and receivables of an organization using standard financial guidelines such as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and financial accounting standards board (FASB).
Thus, it is a field of accounting involving specific processes such as recording, summarizing, analysis and reporting of financial transactions with respect to business operations over a specific period of time. Financial experts or accountant uses either the cash basis or accrual basis of accounting.
An account can be defined as a formal and individual record of the financial transactions of a person, business firm, goods, assets, liability, etc.
All the transactions with respect to a particular item such as income, expenses, assets, liability, etc., are recorded in its account.
In general, accounts are split or divided into two main categories and these includes;
I. Personal Accounts
II. Impersonal Accounts.
After implementing a solution to a given work related problem the manager should evaluate the outcome of the solution
Explanation:
A manager should have leadership qualities where he or she is in charge of the entire group of people in the industry and is responsible for any mistakes or errors caused by the employees.
He or she should know how to tackle and provide solutions to a problem that is being faced by the company.
A manager should be a good role model for his/her subordinates and encourage them in solving their problems by themselves.
