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antoniya [11.8K]
3 years ago
5

In your own words, how does a virus work?

Biology
1 answer:
Rina8888 [55]3 years ago
7 0

Explanation:

viruses are very small -- 100 times smaller than the average bacterium, so small that they can't be seen with an ordinary microscope. Viruses can only exert influence by invading a cell, because they're not cellular structures. They lack the ability to replicate on their own, so viruses are merely tiny packets of DNA or RNA genes enfolded in a protein coating, on the hunt for a cell they can dominate.

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Explain the importance of immunological memory cells. Describe in detail how and when memory cells arise and explain how they fo
Vlad1618 [11]

Explanation:

<em>Immunological memory</em> is the property of the immune system to store information about a stimulus so it can mount an effective response if it encounters the same stimulus again being this second response quicker and stronger even after years since the first encounter.

This kind of response is dependent on many subpopulations within T and B lymphocytes and NK cells. When encountering an antigen, B cells recognize it by membrane antibody specifically binding to the antigen and then being activated to expand rapidly with their progeny clones differentiating into plasma and memory B cells, these last ones have a long life span to remain in the body, ready when another encounter with the same stimulus occurs, this is how the basis for effective immunizations happens.

I hope you find this information useful! Good luck!

4 0
3 years ago
Witch formation is the result of wind erosion?​
polet [3.4K]
Sand dunes or desert pavement
6 0
3 years ago
Q - Describe the Mitoses with the help of diagram. write its different phares and explain them.​
bonufazy [111]

Answer:

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which single haploid cell (n) or diploid cell (2n) divides into two haploid or diploid daughter cells that are same as the parent.

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells of plants and animals. In this cell division, the two daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as that in the parent cells.

Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

1.Prophase:-

It is the first visible stage in karyokinesis. The chromosomes appear as long coiled threads called chromatids. The chromatin becomes shorter, thicker and visible due to the condensation of DNA. The chromatins are now called chromosomes. Stainability of nucleus increase. Each chromosome starts to splits longitudinally into two sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are attached to each other at the centromere. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus start to disappear and by the end, it will be completely disappeared.

ii. Metaphase:-

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus completely disappears and simultaneously appearance of spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are attached to the centromere of a chromosome. The chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane. The process of gathering of chromosomes in equator is called congressional and plate formed is called metaphasic plate.

iii. Anaphase:-

The centromere of each chromosome splits into two sister chromatids and forms two daughter chromosomes. The daughter chromosomes are pulled towards the poles due to the contraction of spindle fibres and stretching of interzonal fibers. During polar movement, the chromosomes show different shapes i.e. J, U, V, L or I shaped in appearance. At the end of anaphase, each pole will get one set of daughter chromosomes. It is the shortest phase and is also known as a migratory phase.

iv. Telophase:-  The daughter chromosomes reach respective poles and uncoil and become thin, long and visible. The spindle fibres start disappearing and finally disappear. The nuclear membrane and the nucleolus reappear.

Two nuclei are formed at the end of telophase. Both the nuclei have the same number of chromosome as the parent cell. It is the last visible stage of karyokinetic and is also known as reorganization phase.

It is followed by cytokines or division of cytoplasm.

Explanation:

5 0
2 years ago
What does the D in DNA stand for
Vika [28.1K]

Answer:

Explanation:deoxyribonucleic

3 0
3 years ago
(honest question) How come whenever archaeologists uncover human remains they are always male or female and not any of the other
Doss [256]

I think you're confused. There are only two sexes, male and female. Sex is what you were biologically born as from birth, while gender is what you choose to identify as. Gender is a choice, sex isn't. They couldn't discover any other genders because at the time they probably didn't even know what gender was like three thousand years ago, therefore they couldn't look like a different gender.

3 0
2 years ago
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