A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.
Catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. They do this by lowering the activation energy needed. With a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. Different reactions need different catalysts.
Many important chemical reactions require inputs of energy to proceed. If a catalyst is present less energy will be required to complete the reaction. Catalysts are substances that are mixed in with materials that are to be reacted, but they themselves do not, in the end, change chemically.
SO, a catalyst will increase the rate of reaction of any component.
the measuring of geometric magnitudes, lengths, areas, and volumes.
the act of measuring : measurement.
geometry applied to the computation of lengths, areas, or volumes from given dimensions or angles.
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Answer:
Activation of various components of the signal transduction pathway generates a varied response to the same hormone by different body cells.
Explanation:
Peptide hormones are water-soluble hormones and mostly have cell surface receptors present at the membranes of the target cells. Binding of these hormones to their cell surface receptors activates another messenger molecule present in the cytoplasm.
For example, activated hormone-receptor complex activates G protein to trigger the synthesis of cAMP within the cells. Activation of various protein kinases by cAMP results in phosphorylation of different proteins present in various target cells. Activation of different proteins in different target cells, as stimulated by the same peptide hormone generates varied responses.
Answer:
Their experimental design lacks control group
Explanation:
Based on what I read, the scientists don't have a control group as one of the main groups thus they cannot, in scientific sense, say that the medicine is better or worse. You always need a control group receiving no intervention because then we can compare groups and assess the effectiveness of that intervention (in our case if we had control group vs people who received the medicine, we could see if the people who received the medicine had improved condition etc when compared to participants who did not receive anything)