Answer:
cAMP dependent pathway is important for processing of life.
Explanation:
cAMP pathway is also called as adenynyl cyclase pathway.
This mechanism requires different steps like-
- G protein coupled receptor is a integral protein that is activated by different external stimuli which binds with the specific ligand.
- Extracellular ligand causes activation of GPCR which in turn is responsible for conformational change in the receptor and allows it to bind with the intracellular heterotrimeric G protein complex.
- The Gα stimulate G protein complex to exchange GDP for GTP and then the complex is released.
- Activated Gα binds with adenylate cyclase and catalyzes ATP to form cyclic AMP.
- Activation of cAMP leads to the activation of nucleotide gated ion channel, and PKa(Protein kinase A) which is also called as cAMP dependent enzyme.
- Once, PKA is activated,it causes phospholylation of other proteins like AMPA receptor,transcription factors which regulate gene expression, and convert glycogen into glucose.
Answer:
the inheritance of one pair of factors is independent of the inheritance of the other pair.
Lymph is the excess blood plasma after it is filtered from interstitial fluid, when the interstitial fluid is formed. From the circulation system, after filtration, lymph is comes into to the Lymphatic system.
The Lymphatic system with its tubular vessels, is an open system. It conducts lymph between various parts of the body. It provides a route for the excess interstitial fluid to be returned back to blood.
On the other hand, Our cardiovascular system - responsible for circulation of blood - is a
closed system. Blood never leaves the veins, arteries, and capillaries.
Answer AND Explanation:
When sodium atoms bond with one oxygen atom they form a covalent bond. However, there has to be two sodium atoms each with an extra electron that are donated to oxygen. Each of these sodium atoms gives oxygen one electron, allowing the oxygen atom to have a full shell with eight electrons. The sodium atom loses one orbital level since the electrons are donated.
4Na + O2 → 2Na2O
