Acid-fast rods present in sputum typically indicates a mycobacterial infection. Mycobacteria is a type of germ, and it can manifest in different diseases, the most common is Tuberculosis. Acid-fast is namely due to the bacteria's stain retention to the staining procedure after an acid wash.
The light dependent reaction produces B NADPH and ATP which are used in the light independent reaction or dark reaction.
Explanation:
Light dependent reaction also called light reaction occur in the thylakoid of grana. Light dependent reaction leads to the generate ATP and NADPH.
Role of ATP
ATP is an energy rich compound which undergo hydrolysis to generate huge amount of free energy. ATP is formed in the cyclic photo phosphorylation by the transport of electron through various electron carrier leading to generate energy for the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP.
Role of NADPH
NADPH act as reducing agent which is formed as the end product of noncyclic photo phosphorylation.NADPH helps in the reduction of Phosphoglyceric acid(PGA) into Phosphoglyceraldehyde(PGALD). The so formed PGALD undergo further reacts to generate glucose and also to regenerate Ribulose bisphosphate(RUBP).
1) pathogen enters body and releases chemoattractants
2) a phagocyte/macrophage is attracted by these chemicals
3) the phagocyte engulfs the pathogen using its pseudopodia
4) the membranes of both organisms fuse forming a phagosome
5) lysosomers in the phogocyte fuse with the phagosome, forming a phagolysosome
6) these enzymes digest the pahogen (hydrolyse the bonds)
7) the antigens of the pathogen are placed on the surface of the phagocyte making an APC (antigen presenting cell)
