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DerKrebs [107]
3 years ago
9

The arrows in the chart above represent the movement of carbon between four reservoirs: the ocean, plants, fossil fuels, and the

atmosphere. The numbers in the blue boxes show the gigatons of carbon moving each year. More carbon is moving into the vegetation for photosynthesis than is moving out to the atmosphere via respiration. This means that the vegetation reservoir is a carbon sink, taking in more carbon from the atmosphere than it is releasing to the atmosphere. A carbon source is the opposite. A reservoir that behaves as a carbon source releases more carbon to the atmosphere than it takes in.
Consider the statements listed here. Do they accurately describe potential changes in the model? Choose all that are correct:

1 - Deforestation would result in a decrease in the carbon sink.
2- Increased use of alternative energy sources such as solar and wind energy would 3 3 - result in a decrease in released or sourced carbon.
4 - If we consider non-industrialized countries, the model would remain the same.
5 - If global warming continues, we would expect a change in the amount of carbon found in the ocean reservoir.
6 - Combustion of fossil fuels acts as a carbon sink.
7 - All carbon in the atmosphere is made by humans.

Biology
1 answer:
natulia [17]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Air travel is usually the largest component of the carbon footprint of frequent flyers. A single return flight from London to New York – including the complicated effects on the high atmosphere – contributes to almost a quarter of the average person’s annual emissions. The easiest way to make a big difference is to go by train or not take as many flights.

2 The second most important lifestyle change is to eat less meat, with particular emphasis on meals containing beef and lamb. Cows and sheep emit large quantities of methane, a powerful global warming gas. A vegan diet might make as much as a 20% difference to your overall carbon impact but simply cutting out beef will deliver a significant benefit on its own.

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Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is any concentration of a toxin, such as pesticides, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.[1] This increase can occur as a result of:

Persistence – where the substance cannot be broken down by environmental processes

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In biomagnification the concentration of the persistent toxins (crosses) increases higher up the food chain.

In this scenario, a pond has been intoxicated. As we go further into the food chain, the toxin concentration increases, causing the top consumer to eventually die of intoxication.

Biomagnification is the build up of toxins in a food chain. The DDT concentration is in parts per million. As the trophic level increases in a food chain, the amount of toxic build up increases. The x's represent the amount of toxic build up accumulating as the trophic level increases. Toxins build up in organism's fat and tissue. Predators accumulate higher toxins than prey.

Biological magnification often refers to the process whereby certain substances such as pesticides or heavy metals work their way into lakes, rivers and the ocean, and then move up the food chain in progressively greater concentrations as they are incorporated into the diet of aquatic organisms such as zooplankton, which in turn are eaten perhaps by fish, which then may be eaten by bigger fish, large birds, animals, or humans. The substances become increasingly concentrated in tissues or internal organs as they move up the chain. Bioaccumulants are substances that increase in concentration in living organisms as they take in contaminated air, water, or food because the substances are very slowly metabolized or excreted.

Contents

Processes Edit

Although sometimes used interchangeably with "bioaccumulation", an important distinction is drawn between the two, and with bioconcentration.

Bioaccumulation occurs within a trophic level, and is the increase in the concentration of a substance in certain tissues of organisms' bodies due to absorption from food and the environment.

Bioconcentration is defined as occurring when uptake from the water is greater than excretion.[2]

Thus, bioconcentration and bioaccumulation occur within an organism, and biomagnification occurs across trophic (food chain) levels.

Biodilution is also a process that occurs to all trophic levels in an aquatic environment; it is the opposite of biomagnification, thus when a pollutant gets smaller in concentration as it progresses up a food web.

Lipid, (lipophilic) or fat soluble substances cannot be diluted, broken down, or excreted in urine, a water-based medium, and so accumulate in fatty tissues of an organism, if the organism lacks enzymes to degrade them. When eaten by another organism, fats are absorbed in the gut, carrying the substance, which then accumulates in the fats of the predator. Since at each level of the food chain there is a lot of energy loss, a predator must consume many prey, including all of their lipophilic substances.

For example, though mercury is only present in small amounts in seawater, it is absorbed by algae (generally as methylmercury). Methyl-mercury is the most harmful variation of mercury. It is efficiently absorbed, but only very slowly excreted by organisms.[3] Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration result in buildup in the adipose tissue of successive trophic levels: zooplankton, small nekton, larger fish, etc. Anything which eats these fish also consumes the higher level of mercury the fish have accumulated. This process explains why predatory fish such as swordfish and sharks or birds like osprey and eagles have higher concentrations of mercury in their tissue than could be accounted for by direct exposure alone. For example, herring contains mercury at approximately 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and shark contains mercury at greater than 1 ppm.[4]

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