Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
Answer:
The models are missing in the question. The models along with the question is provided in the attachment below.
The answer is : Model A represents the Plasma membrane.
Explanation:
According to the question, model A represents the plasma membrane. The reasons are :
(a). In the model A, the bilayers consists of two leaflets of the amphipathic lipid molecules. Here the polar head groups is in contact with the intra cellular or the extra cellular non aqueous phase, where the non polar tails are facing each other constituting the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
(b). Lipid are not rigid as well as static structure. In the lipid bilayer, the lipid molecule are able to rotate around their axis freely and diffuse laterally with each leaflet.
(c). The plasma membrane acts as the selective plasma membrane.
Answer:
It would be A. Truthful
Explanation:
The direct definition is used as an intensifier, often to qualify a metaphor. But if you look at the synonyms you can see a few such as, true · accurate · correct. Hope this helps :)
The mouse, because it is an endotherm and therefore its basal metabolic rate is higher than the ectotherm lizard's standard metabolic rate.
<h3>What are endotherms and ectotherms?</h3>
Animals classified as ectotherms and endotherms employ several techniques to control body temperature.
Endotherms are recognized as warm-blooded creatures, whereas ectotherms are also referred to as cold-blooded creatures. Ectotherms and endotherms vary primarily in that endotherms control their body temperatures by sustaining bodily functions, but ectotherms depend on external sources like sunlight to do so. Ectotherms include invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and reptiles while endotherms include mammals and birds.
Learn more about endotherm and ectotherm animals here:
brainly.com/question/2500845
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