Answer:
A ray is a part of a line that has one endpoint and goes on infinitely in only one direction. You cannot measure the length of a ray. A ray is named using its endpoint first, and then any other point on the ray
Explanation:
Answer: .OH, O2-, H2O2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive and unstable species containing oxygen. ROS are formed when oxygen is partially reduced, thus they are all radicals with very high reactivity, attacking membrane proteins such as ion channels etc
Examples include peroxides (H2O2), superoxide (O2-), hydroxyl radical (.OH)
Nicotine, once in the brain, will work specifically on nicotinic receptors in the brain. However, there is a common "addiction" pathway in the brain that pretty much all addictive substances go through.
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), along with cyclins, are major control switches at these checkpoints. They are central to cell cycle control; their activation via cyclin mediates progression through all four phases of the cell cycle. p53 is a protein that functions to block the cell cycle if the DNA is damaged
