Mammalian fertilization comprises sperm migration through the female reproductive tract, biochemical and morphological changes to sperm, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct. Recent gene knockout approaches in mice have revealed that many factors previously considered important for fertilization are largely dispensable, or if they are essential, they have an unexpected function. These results indicate that what has been observed in in vitro fertilization (IVF) differs significantly from what occurs during “physiological” fertilization. This Review focuses on the advantages of studying fertilization using gene-manipulated animals and highlights an emerging molecular mechanism of mammalian fertilization.
Answer:
1/4 suffer from hemophilia
1/4 are heterozygous
Explanation:
So since they are normal but their son isn't it is assumed that the mom is the carrier since the dad has to be X^HY
X^HY x X^HX^h
Set up a pedigree
X^HX^H X^HX^h
X^HY X^hY
1/4 suffer from hemophilia (X^h)
1/4 are heterozygous (X^HX^h)
Population living in one place form a Community!
<span>All of their skulls were fairly long with sharp teeth.</span>
