Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
Learn more about Top down and bottom up regulation here:
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These energy exchanges are not changes in kinetic energy. They are changes in bonding energy between the molecules. "If heat is coming into a substance during a phase change, then this energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules of the substance. The example we will use here is ice melting into water.
Genetic variation<span> is essential for </span>natural selection<span> because </span>natural selection can only increase or decrease frequency of alleles that already exist in the population.Genetic variation<span> is caused by: mutation
i pulled this off of the site i got the information from i hope this helps you out if not sorry
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Answer:
159.808 g/mol
Explanation:
Br itself is 79.904 g/mol. So multiply it by two.
