10 grams of cocaine helps chalk to grow and the mass was increase a way lot more
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The chemical could have more or less of a reaction to the other chemicals in the experiment
An acid is an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red. A base is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and turn red litmus paper blue.
44. (a) N2O3 (b) SF4 (c) AlCl3 (d) Li2CO3
46. H Br
δ+ δ−
48. The metallic potassium atoms lose one electron and form +1 cations,
and the nonmetallic fluorine atoms gain one electron and form –1 anions.
K → K+
+ e–
19p/19e–
19p/18e–
F + e–
→ F–
9p/9e–
9p/10e–
The ionic bonds are the attractions between K+
cations and F–
anions.
50. See Figure 3.6.
52. (a) covalent…nonmetal-nonmetal (b) ionic…metal-nonmetal
54. (a) all nonmetallic atoms - molecular (b) metal-nonmetal - ionic
56. (a) 7 (b) 4
58. Each of the following answers is based on the assumption that nonmetallic
atoms tend to form covalent bonds in order to get an octet (8) of
electrons around each atom, like the very stable noble gases (other than
helium). Covalent bonds (represented by lines in Lewis structures) and lone
pairs each contribute two electrons to the octet.
(a) oxygen, O
If oxygen atoms form two covalent bonds, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Water is an example:
H O H
(b) fluorine, F
If fluorine atoms form one covalent bond, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Hydrogen fluoride, HF, is an example:
H F
(c) carbon, C
If carbon atoms form four covalent bonds, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Methane, CH4, is an example:
H H
H
H
C
(d) phosphorus, P
If phosphorus atoms form three covalent bonds, they will have an octet
