While waiting for a signal to contract, a muscle cell membrane maintains a slightly higher positive charge on the outside only because sodium-potassium ATPase pumps are available to generate this difference.
Only because sodium-potassium ATPase pumps are available to provide this difference, a muscle cell membrane maintains a marginally higher positive charge on the outside while waiting for a signal to contract.
To produce an action potential, these sodium pumps can transfer sodium ions across a cell's membrane. The body's muscles can then contract as a result of electrical signals travelling through it.
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Answer:
Agricultural technicians make sure these products are safe for humans, other animals, and the environment.
Explanation:
- Agriculture technicians are involved in the research that includes the effects of insecticides and other things we apply to crops into the ecosystem or environment.
- As herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides are the chemical use to the crops that can effect humans, plants or animals with a bad impression.
- So all these risk calculation and its consequences are studied by the agriculture technicians.
The movement of carbon through the abiotic and biotic parts of the carbon cycle is the following:
In the carbon cycle, carbon is moved between the four reservoirs where it is in different states:
- Atmosphere, carbon is in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) by joining with oxygen in the form of gas.
- Terrestrial biosphere, carbon is found in the elements that make up terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, in non-living organic matter, and in the soil.
- Oceans, carbon is part of the hydrosphere, it is found in dissolved organic carbon, in marine organisms and in non-living matter.
The water vapor produced and released into the atmosphere also promotes gas exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean, allowing carbon to dissolve in the water, where it is fixed by photosynthetic plankton.
- Sediments: carbon is part of the geosphere, the excess carbon in decomposing organic matter, which is not captured and processed by decomposing life forms, it will pile up and sediment at the bottom of the oceans or in the various layers of the earth's crust, where it forms fossils, hydrocarbon deposits or reactive sediments.
During photosynthesis, green plants take CO2 from the abiotic environment and incorporate the carbon into the carbohydrates they synthesize.
Part of these carbohydrates are metabolized by the same producers in their respiration, returning carbon to the surrounding environment in the form of CO2.
That is, the return of CO2 to the atmosphere occurs when living beings oxidize food while breathing, producing CO2.
The final products of combustion are CO2 and water vapor.
Therefore, we can conclude that the movement of carbon between the abiotic environment and biotic factors (living organisms) defines the carbon cycle.
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Answer:
The expanding gases push magma through the pipe.
Explanation:
To determine whether an acidic or basic solution, it is first necessary to compare the concentrations of the hydronium (H3O +) and hydroxide (OH-) ions in the solution.
In acidic solution, the concentration of H3O + ions is higher than that of OH- ions.
- In acidic solution, the concentration of H3O + ions is higher than that of OH- ions. Such a solution can be achieved by adding a small part of the H3O + ions, for example. Acid solutions have a pH below 7, the further away from 7 the pH of the solution is the higher its acidity content. According to Le Chatelier's principle, when a disturbance is caused to an equilibrium system, it tends to readjust in order to diminish the effects of that force. This means that if an acid is added to water, the H3O + ions will be in excess and the equilibrium will shift in the opposite direction to the left. Then these excess ions will react with the OH- ions. Thus, the concentration of OH- ions will decrease and the solution will become acidic.
- In basic solutions, the concentration of OH- ions is higher than that of H3O + ions. If we add a base to the water, it means that we will be adding OH- ions and, as explained in the previous section, by Le Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium of the water selfionization reaction will shift in the opposite direction, and the excess ions will react. with the H3O + ions, decreasing their concentration and making the basic solution. Basic solutions have a pH greater than 7, the farther from 7 and closer to 14 the pH of the solution, the higher the basification content.
