Other combinations of the atoms form the four bases: thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder. It also takes two bases to form a rung, one for each side of the ladder ! I hope this helps .
<span>I is dominant, i is recessive. The A's and B's are just show which allele I is. When there is just one dominant allele, it masks the recessive in blood typing. Remember IA and IB are codominant.
O is always ii
A is IAi (heterozygous) or IAIA (homozygous)
B is IBi (heterozygous) or IBIB (homozygous)
AB is always IAIB
Remember: You get one allele from each parent!
1. Father must be ii, mother must be ii, so all children must be ii.
2. Father is IAIA (the homozygous one), the mother is IBIB, so the only possibility for the children is IAIB, because you get one allele from the father and one from the mother.
3. Father is IAi, mother is IBi, so the children can be any of the blood types, because they can have all the combinations of genotypes.
4. Father is ii, mother is IAIB. Children can only be IAi or IBi.
5. Father is IAIB, mother is IAIB. Children can be IAIA, IBIB, or IAIB.
Example of Punnett square:
3. Father is type A, heterozygous, mother is type B, heterozygous
Father must be IAi (heterozygous)
Mother must be IBi (heterozygous)
_______IA ____ i
IB____ IBIA____IBi
i _____ IAi______ii
Sorry, that was difficult on here, hope it's understandable.
The father's alleles run across the top, the mother's are on the side, you follow to where they meet to find the possibilities for the children. IBIA (AB blood type), IBi (B), IAi (A), and ii (O) are the possibilities in this case.
Hope that helps!</span>
local municipalities have to the FDA with the responsibility that bottled water companies have. Local have to test their water supply daily and report to the FDA monthly. Bottled water comapnies do not have to report anything to the FDA.
The nucleus is an organelle found ineukaryotic cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with a variety of proteins, to form chromosomes.
He was studying genetics by performing mating crosses in pea plants. Then, he discovered that the traits in the offspring didn't always match the traits in the parental plants.
