The temperature at midnight would be -14*F. Subtract 10 from -4 and you get -14*F
If you're trying to find the missing side of the "triangle" (the distance from the house to where the ladder touches the ground), you would use the pythagorean theorem, a²+b²=c². (c is always hypotenuse)
a²+b²=c²
12²+b²=15²
144+b²=225
b²=81
√b²=√81
b=9
12, 2, 5, 4, 7
The coefficients are the numbers that are in front of the letters