Answer:
1. Inhibiting IP3 channels, leading to decreased Ca2 in the sarcoplasm and reduced contraction.
2. Increasing the relative activity of MLCP, leading to a decrease in tension.
3. Activating K channels, increasing K leaking out of the cell which hyperpolarizes it and decreases the likelihood of Ca2 entry.
Explanation
In smooth muscle, cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates relaxation because cAMP inhibits a specific kinase required for myosin light chain protein (MLCP) phosphorylation, thereby triggering contraction in the smooth muscles. It has been shown that cAMP inhibits 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent calcium ions (Ca 2+) release by activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). PKG proteins act to modulate Ca2+ oscillations by stimulating sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase membrane proteins, increasing Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and Ca2+ efflux from the cells, and activate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, thereby leading to membrane hyperpolarization and reducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels.
Answer:
A and D I think
Explanation:
It's not erosion, so that is out of the answer choices. And I doubt it is crystallization, so that is why I think it is A and D. (correct me if I am wrong.)
Answer:
The correct answer is option a, that is, sympatric speciation.
Explanation:
Speciation, which takes place when two groups of similar species live in a similar geographical location, however, they evolve distinctly unless and until they no longer interbreed and are regarded as different species is termed as sympatric speciation.
Sympatric speciation is not similar to other kinds of speciation, in which the formation of a new species takes place when a population gets differentiated into two groups because of migration or geographic barrier. The sympatric speciation can be witnessed in various distinct kinds of species. Thus, the given case of monkeys is an illustration of sympatric speciation.
Answer:
Brown dwarfs are objects which are too large to be called planets and too small to be stars. They have masses that range between twice the mass of Jupiter and the lower mass limit for nuclear reactions (0.08 times the mass of our sun). ... Brown dwarfs are very dim and cool compared with stars.
Explanation:
Answer:
During the process of photosynthesis, cells use carbon dioxide and energy from the Sun to make sugar molecules and oxygen. These sugar molecules are the basis for more complex molecules made by the photosynthetic cell, such as glucose.
Explanation:
