Answer:
1. Spain
2. Most of the 540 million residents are descended from three major racial/ethnic groups, namely indigenous peoples (of whom there are around 400 distinct groups), Europeans (largely of Spanish and Portuguese heritage) and Africans (descendants of slaves brought to the region during the colonial era).
3. Latin America encompasses 22 nations across Central and South America that share many cultural and economic commonalities.
4. Brazil entered nationhood with considerably less strife and ... nations of the New World; however, the transition was not entirely peaceful. ... Many Brazilians were impatient with the regency and belief.
5. The movement for independence was inspired by the Age of Enlightenment and the liberal revolutions of the last part of the 18th century. By that time, the educated elite of New Spain began to reflect on the relations between Spain and its colonial kingdoms.
6. The Venezuelan War of Independence (1810–1823) was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in Latin America fought against rule by the Spanish Empire, emboldened by Spain's troubles in the Napoleonic Wars.
7. Simón Bolívar was a Venezuelan soldier and statesman who played a central role in the South American independence movement. Bolívar served as president of Gran Colombia (1819–30) and as dictator of Peru (1823–26). The country of Bolivia is named for him.
8. A related process took place in Spain's North and Central American colonies with the Mexican War of Independence and related struggles. Independence was achieved in 1821 by a coalition uniting under Agustín de Iturbide and the Army of the Three Guarantees.
9. Particularly in the 1825–50 period, Latin America experienced a high degree of political instability. National governments changed hands rapidly in most areas, which only prolonged the weakness and ineffectiveness of the emerging political systems.
10. Popular sovereignty, also called squatter sovereignty, in U.S. history, a controversial political doctrine according to which the people of federal territories should decide for themselves whether their territories would enter the Union as free or slave states.
11. The term “multicultural” is often used as a descriptive term to characterize the fact of diversity in a society.
12. Gemma Betros examines the problems the Revolution posed for religion, and ... Historians are divided over the strength of Catholicism in late eighteenth-century France. ... What is clear, however, is that the eighteenth-century Church was attracting ... social order, the Church itself was condemned for its power and influence.
13. The condition of women of Latin America is not only of a wage disparity, but of living in a patriarchal society that enforces violence and discrimination against powerless, and uneducated women (Refer to section two on literacy and violence rates).
14. no
Explanation: