Question

Which of the following processes generates a proton-motive force in mitochondria?

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer is option d.

Explanation:

At the time of the electron transport chain, the transferring of electrons takes place from the level of higher energy to the level of lower energy at each of the steps that result in the discharging of energy. This energy discharged is utilized to pump the proton found in the matrix into the intermembrane space across the inner mitochondrial membrane.  

This process of proton pumping from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space results in a proton gradient, which is, utilized in the generation of ATP.  

Answer 2

Answer:

A. reduction of NAD + by the first electron carrier in the electron transport chain

Explanation:

In the cellular respiration stage there are 4 steps:

1. Glycolysis: glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules

2. Link reaction: Pyruvate is transported to mitochondria and converted to acetyl CoA by the release of CO2

3. Krebs cycle: Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle by combining with oxaloacetate to form citrate; the first compound to form in the Krebs cycle (therefore the krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle)

4. Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation: NADH and FADH2 are produced in the Krebs cycle entering the electron transport chain, creating proton motive forces and finally producing ATP with O2 as terminal electron acceptors that form H2O

The Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle are important steps of oxidative metabolism that occur in the mitochondria.

The electron transport chain is a process in which NADH and [FADH2] are produced during glycolysis, B-oxidation, and other catabolic processes oxidized so that they release energy in the form of ATP. The mechanism by which ATP is formed in ETC is called chemosmotic phosphorolation.

The byproducts of the catabolic processes are mostly NADH and [FADH2] which are a form of reduction. The metabolic process uses NADH and [FADH2] to transport electrons in the form of hydride ions (H-). These electrons pass from NADH or [FADH2] to membrane bound electron carriers which are then passed on to other electron carriers until they are finally given to oxygen which results in water production.

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Details

Class : Senior High

Subject : Biology

Keywords

- A Proton-motive Force