Answer:
Although beneficial mutations are much rarer compared to deleterious mutations, they supply the driving force for adaptive evolution and contribute to survival of populations in tough environments
The correct answer is seismic waves.
A sudden movement of the Earth's crust followed by the production of seismic waves is known as an earthquake. The seismic waves travel outwards from the source. The sudden vibration or ground motion is generated due to a brisk discharge of accumulated energy.
The vibrations, which travel via Earth carrying the energy discharged at the time of an earthquake is known as seismic waves. The earthquakes are usually determined with a help of seismometer, called seismograph.
The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect <u>involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population</u>.
The bottleneck effect is when there is a very noticeable reduction in population size for a minimum of one generation time. A founder effect is when a few individuals move to a new region and start a colony of limited genetic variation.
Both are examples of genetic drift. A large portion of a genome is wiped out in bottleneck effect, whereas a larger population migrate to establish their own population in the founder effect.
To learn more about the bottleneck and founder effect, here
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1. All cycles
2. Sulfur cycle
3. Phosphorous
4. Phosphorous cycle
5. Nitrogen
6. Protein
7. Oxygen