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3 years ago

This scientist established a set of criteria to determine if a microbe is the cause of a specific disease.

1 answer:

5 0

Robert Koch developed a criteria for the causality of disease from microorganisms called the Koch's postulates. The Koch's postulates indicate that:

(1) The bacteria must be present in every case of the disease
(2) The bacteria must be extracted and isolated from the host with the disease and should be directly visualized and/or grown in culture
(3) There must be a healthy experimental host that will reproduce the disease once the isolated bacteria is injected
(4) The bacteria should be recoverable from the previously healthy host

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How much energy must these squid and small fish consume to sustain the elephant seal population

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What is the smallest part in your body

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What’s the smallest organ in the human body? You’ll find the pineal gland near the center of the brain, in a groove between the hemispheres. It’s not an organ like those in the abdominal cavity. It’s the human body’s smallest endocrine gland, and it produces melatonin, a hormone (derived from serotonin) that affects how we sleep, wake up, and react to seasonal changes. It’s called pineal because it’s shaped like a little pinecone.
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The y-shaped site at which a double-stranded molecule of dna is separated into two single strands for replication.

aleksandrvk [35]

The Y shaped structure with active region present is called replication fork

The separation of the 2 single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ form referred to as a replication ‘fork’. the 2 separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA.

LEADING STRAND

one of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ path (toward the replication fork), this is the main strand?. the other strand is oriented inside the 5’ to 3’ direction (away from the replication fork), that is the lagging strand?.

because of their extraordinary orientations, the 2 strands are replicated in a different way: A small piece of RNA called a primer (produced by means of an enzyme referred to as primase) comes along and binds to the end of the leading strand. The primer acts as the place to begin for DNA synthesis.

DNA polymerase? binds to the leading strand after which ‘walks’ alongside it, including new complementary? nucleotide? bases (A, C, G and T) to the strand of DNA within the 5’ to 3’ direction.

This form of replication is referred to as continuous

LAGGING STRAND

Several RNA primers are made by means of the primase enzyme and bind at numerous points alongside the lagging strand.

Chunks of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, are then introduced to the lagging strand also in the five’ to a few’ path.

This sort of replication is known as discontinuous as the Okazaki fragments will want to be joined up later.

Once all the bases are matched up (A with T, C with G), an enzyme referred to as exonuclease strips away the primer(s). The gaps wherein the primer(s) were are then filled by but extra complementary nucleotides.

The brand new strand is proofread to make sure there are no errors inside the new DNA series.

eventually, an enzyme referred to as DNA ligase? seals up the sequence of DNA into two non-stop double strands.

The end result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of 1 new and one old chain of nucleotides. That is why DNA replication is described as semi-conservative, 1/2 of the chain is part of the unique DNA molecule, half is ultra-modern.

Following replication the brand new DNA routinely finishes up into a double helix.

To know more about DNA replication click here

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