Answer:
The grazing food chain
Explanation:
There are two kinds of food chains one starting with autotrophs, the grazing food chain, and the other starting with dead organic matter, the detrital food chain.
<u>Answer</u>: an all or none response
According to the all-or-none law, it a certain threshol is crossed by a stimulus' strenght, it will cause a response in the nerve cell or muscle fiber. However, the strenght of the response will always be the same and will not vary with different stimulus strengths. The only requirement is for the threshold to be crossed.
Answer:
The polarity of membrane phospholipids
Explanation:
The inner core of membranes is made of nonpolar tails of phospholipids which in turn makes the membranes impermeable for polar, large and charged substances since these substances cannot cross the non-polar inner core. The saturated hydrocarbon tails pack tightly and make membrane less permeable while cholesterol affects the membrane permeability by interacting with non-polar tails.
Higher temperatures make the membrane more fluid and more permeable while at lower temperatures, membranes are more rigid due to tight packing of hydrocarbon tails and less permeable. The polar heads of phospholipids make the inner and outer surface of the membrane. Therefore, the polarity of phospholipids does not affect the membrane permeability.
