I think It was Beorn? I'm not sure.
Answer: The District of Columbia
Explanation:Congress declared the city of Washington in the District of Columbia, the permanent capital of the United States.
Answer: The base-rate fallacy
Explanation: The base rate fallacy also refered to as base rate bias is the tendency of an individual to erroneously predict the likely outcome of a situation by over looking all relevant data that was supposed to be taken into account. It is the preference of individuating information over relevant data. Stephon over looked the statistical data that his chance of making it into the NBA is low and prefer to go with the individuating information about how his friend's brother receives a lucrative contract to play for the NBA. This situation best illustrates base-rate fallacy.
One factor that would make it possible is the decrease in the number of deaths, which could be a result of improved health care. In a country which a very low life expectancy in 1970 (50 years) an increase can be achieved easily with small health improvements and in fact it increased to 65 years since 1970s.
