This is Pythagorean's Theorem, with one leg being 10 and the hypotenuse being 16. Using those values in the theorem looks like this:
and
and
so
Take the square root of both sides to find that b = 12.5
Answer:
and 
Step-by-step explanation:
The null hypothesis 
states that a population parameter (such as the mean, the standard deviation, and so on) is equal to a hypothesized value. We can write the null hypothesis in the form 
In this context, the investigator's null hypothesis should be that the average total weight is no different than the reported value by the FAA. We can write it in this form .
The alternative hypothesis 
states that a population parameter is smaller, greater, or different than the hypothesized value in the null hypothesis. We can write the alternative hypothesis in one of three forms
The investigator wants to know if the average weight of passengers flying on small planes exceeds the FAA guideline of the average total weight of 185 pounds. He should use as his alternative hypothesis.
What you're seeing here is 12 being multiplied by its reciprocal. 12 * 1/12 = 1. This is an example of a multiplicative inverse; a multiplicative inverse is when you multiply a number by its reciprocal (1 over the number).
