When cloning by restriction digest and ligation, you use restriction enzymes to cut open a plasmid (backbone) and insert a linear fragment of DNA (insert) that has been cut by compatible restriction enzymes. An enzyme, DNA ligase, then covalently binds the plasmid to the new fragment thereby generating a complete, circular plasmid that can be easily maintained in a variety of biological systems. Read on for an in-depth breakdown of how to do perform restriction digests.
        
             
        
        
        
There are five classes of antibody.
1) <span>IgA (immunoglobin A)
2) IgD (immunoglobin D)
3) IgE (immunoglobin E)
4) IgG (immunoglobin G)
<span>5) IgM (immunoglobin M)
They form Y shaped antibodies. The crystallized fragment is the stalk of the Y shaped antibodies. The bond formed by this stalk will determine the form of the antibody. One Y is called monomer, two connected Ys are called dimers, and 5 connected Ys are called pentamers.</span></span>
        
             
        
        
        
Graphs that are clearly labeled are much less likely to be misread or misinterpreted.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
i think they are orignally from cold areas so they store water and moisture in there needles. and they stay green year round. 
Explanation:
 
        
             
        
        
        
1.An open mind
2.Curiosity 
3.Flexibility 
4.Creativity 
5.Patience and 
6.Observation skills