Answer:
AB, ab, Ab and aB
Explanation:
The zygote has the genotype <em>AaBb </em>because it was formed by the fusion of a sperm cell <em>AB</em> and an egg <em>ab</em>.
During meiosis the diploid <em>AaBb</em> germ cell will reduce its chromosome number by half, producing a total of 4 haploid daughter cells (the gametes, in males the sperm cells) with just one allele per gene. The genes <em>A </em>and <em>B</em> are on different chromosomes, so they assort independently, and 4 types of gametes can therefore be produced: <em>AB, Ab, aB </em>and <em>ab</em>.
Answer:
How do policy and management decisions affect the levels of the primary carbon-containing gases, carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere?
A direct observation usually refers to observing a behavior and knowing exactly what is happening. For example, if I see a pigeon peck at some bread, I have observed it pecking. With direct observation, I cannot assume it is eating, that it is hungry, that it has any intention whatsoever. All I know is that it pecks.
Why do plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls?
the answer of this question is The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress. and
this answer is for the cell wall
Answer:
The circulatory and respiratory systems interact to transport carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is expelled from the body.
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide produced by the cells and tissues during cellular respiration is removed from the body through the interaction of the circulatory and respiratory system. The medium of transport of carbon dioxide is the blood which carries to the lungs, where it is expelled from the body in ordernto maintain homeostasis in the body.
Carbon dioxide molecules are transported in the blood from body tissues to the lungs in three ways:
1. Dissolution directly into the blood - due to its greater solubility in blood than oxygen, carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood plasma. On reaching the lungs, it leaves the blood by diffusion and is then expelled out of the body.
2. Binding to hemoglobin - carbon dioxide binds reversibly with haemoglobin in the red blood cells to form a molecule called carbaminohemoglobin. When it reaches the lungs, the carbon dioxide freely dissociate from the hemoglobin and is expelled from the body.
3. Carried as a bicarbonate ion - the majority of carbon dioxide molecules are carried as part of the bicarbonate buffer system. In this system, carbon dioxide diffuses into the red blood cells. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase within the red blood cells quickly converts the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H2CO3) which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate ions leaves the red blood cells in exchange for chloride ions in the plasma. The bicarbonate ions then travel in plasma to the lungs, where they enter the red blood cells again. It combines with hydrogen ions from the haemoglobin to form carbonic acid. Carbonic anhydrase breaks carbonic acid down into water and carbon dioxide which is then expelled from the lungs.
