The personal fable is the adolescent's belief that he or she is highly special and unlike anyone else who has ever walked the earth. Colloquially, these individuals are known as "special snowflakes." In other words, the adolescent thinks that since others are so obviously fascinated by him (adolescent egocentrism), he must be a unique individual.
Unfortunately, the belief can have serious consequences.
In particular, the personal fable can cause a tween or teen to believe that nothing bad could possibly happen to someone as exceptional as herself. In other words, since she's so special, she must be invulnerable.
Some research has shown that belief in the personal fable and one's invulnerability is directly connected to common adolescent risk-taking behaviors, such as promiscuous or unprotected sex, use of alcohol or illicit drugs, as well as physically dangerous acts, such as driving without a license or driving recklessly or while intoxicated.
Belief in the personal fable should not be confused with having high self-esteem. Tweens or teens with low self-esteem usually still hold a version of the personal fable.
There are lifelong health implications, both physically and mentally, in teenagers with eating disorders. The act of binging causes digestive issues, namely massive stretching of the stomach. Purging leads to tooth decay, esophageal erosion, ulcers of the throat, stomach, and mouth. Both bulimia and anorexia result in malnutrition. Malnutrition leads to several different cardiac issues, primarily weakening of the heart muscles. It is not uncommon for people suffering from eating disorders to also suffer heart attacks earlier in their adult life than what is typically seen among adults. There are several muscular and skeletal problems noted in the same community. As the body breaks down its muscles and takes calcium from the bones, the individual is left with very little muscles, minimal strength, limited endurance, and often osteoporosis and brittle bones. Aside from the physical aspect, there is also a lifelong mental health battle. Proper treatment from a mental health professional highly skilled in such matters is extremely important.
Answer:
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion; James-Lange theory of emotion.
Explanation:
As the exercise explains, if an individual sees a crocodile in the swamp he may be lead to feel fear whilst running away at the same time. This is explained by the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion. But, on the opposite side, we have the James-Lange theory of emotion which states that the individual would be afraid because they are, in fact, running away. Basically, the Cannon-Bard theory states that we feel physiological consequences (such as sweat, accelerated heart rate, etc.) when we feel emotions, whereas the James-Lange theory states the opposite: we feel an emotion when we have the physiological effect (we feel fear because we are running, sweating, with our hearth accelerated, etc.).
