Question

Let y(t) be the solution to y˙=3te−y satisfying y(0)=3 . (a) Use Euler's Method with time step h=0.2 to approximate y(0.2),y(0.4),...,y(1.0) . k tk yk 0 0 3 1 0.2 equation editor Equation Editor 2 0.4 equation editor Equation Editor 3 0.6 equation editor Equation Editor 4 0.8 equation editor Equation Editor 5 1.0 equation editor Equation Editor (b) Use separation of variables to find y(t) exactly. y(t) = equation editor Equation Editor (c) Compute the error in the approximations to y(0.2),y(0.6) , and y(1). |y(0.2)−y1|=

Answer 1

Answer:

• $y(0.2)=3$, $y(0.4)=3.005974448$, $y(0.6)=3.017852169$, $y(0.8)=3.035458382$, and $y(1.0)=3.058523645$

• The general solution is $y=\ln \left(\frac{3t^2}{2}+e^3\right)$

• The error in the approximations to y(0.2), y(0.6), and y(1):

$|y(0.2)-y_{1}|=0.002982771$

$|y(0.6)-y_{3}|=0.008677796$

$|y(1)-y_{5}|=0.013499859$

Step-by-step explanation:

Point a:

The Euler's method states that:

$y_{n+1}=y_n+h \cdot f \left(t_n, y_n \right)$ where $t_{n+1}=t_n + h$

We have that $h=0.2$, $t_{0}=0$, $y_{0} =3$, $f(t,y)=3te^{-y}$

• We need to find $y(0.2)$ for $y'=3te^{-y}$, when $y(0)=3$, $h=0.2$ using the Euler's method.

So you need to:

$t_{1}=t_{0}+h=0+0.2=0.2$

$y\left(t_{1}\right)=y\left(0.2)=y_{1}=y_{0}+h \cdot f \left(t_{0}, y_{0} \right)=3+h \cdot f \left(0, 3 \right)=$

$=3 + 0.2 \cdot \left(0 \right)= 3$

$y(0.2)=3$

• We need to find $y(0.4)$ for $y'=3te^{-y}$, when $y(0)=3$, $h=0.2$ using the Euler's method.

So you need to:

$t_{2}=t_{1}+h=0.2+0.2=0.4$

$y\left(t_{2}\right)=y\left(0.4)=y_{2}=y_{1}+h \cdot f \left(t_{1}, y_{1} \right)=3+h \cdot f \left(0.2, 3 \right)=$

$=3 + 0.2 \cdot \left(0.02987224102)= 3.005974448$

$y(0.4)=3.005974448$

The Euler's Method is detailed in the following table.

Point b:

To find the general solution of $y'=3te^{-y}$ you need to:

Rewrite in the form of a first order separable ODE:

$e^yy'\:=3t\\e^y\cdot \frac{dy}{dt} =3t\\e^y \:dy\:=3t\:dt$

Integrate each side:

$\int \:e^ydy=e^y+C$

$\int \:3t\:dt=\frac{3t^2}{2}+C$

$e^y+C=\frac{3t^2}{2}+C\\e^y=\frac{3t^2}{2}+C_{1}$

We know the initial condition y(0) = 3, we are going to use it to find the value of $C_{1}$

$e^3=\frac{3\left(0\right)^2}{2}+C_1\\C_1=e^3$

So we have:

$e^y=\frac{3t^2}{2}+e^3$

Solving for y we get:

$\ln \left(e^y\right)=\ln \left(\frac{3t^2}{2}+e^3\right)\\y\ln \left(e\right)=\ln \left(\frac{3t^2}{2}+e^3\right)\\y=\ln \left(\frac{3t^2}{2}+e^3\right)$

Point c:

To compute the error in the approximations y(0.2), y(0.6), and y(1) you need to:

Find the values y(0.2), y(0.6), and y(1) using $y=\ln \left(\frac{3t^2}{2}+e^3\right)$

$y(0.2)=\ln \left(\frac{3(0.2)^2}{2}+e^3\right)=3.002982771$

$y(0.6)=\ln \left(\frac{3(0.6)^2}{2}+e^3\right)=3.026529965$

$y(1)=\ln \left(\frac{3(1)^2}{2}+e^3\right)=3.072023504$

Next, where $y_{1}, y_{3}, \:and \:y_{5}$ are from the table.

$|y(0.2)-y_{1}|=|3.002982771-3|=0.002982771$

$|y(0.6)-y_{3}|=|3.026529965-3.017852169|=0.008677796$

$|y(1)-y_{5}|=|3.072023504-3.058523645|=0.013499859$