You can calculate the difference/vector of both points:

then calculate the magnitude/length like pythagoras
Answer:
B
Step-by-step explanation:
B
Answer:
(a) 
(b) 
Step-by-step explanation:
(a)
can also be written as
x 
the
= ± y
Therefore :
= ±
since it was given that y < 0 , then the factor will be 
(b)
can also be written as :
x 
Therefore , one of the factor is 
Ghi=j
h/gi=j/gi
h=j/gi
the sign "/" means divide by