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Lynna [10]
3 years ago
6

Use the definitions for the sets given below to determine whether each statement is true or false:

Mathematics
1 answer:
ella [17]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

(a) false

(b) true

(c) true

(d) true

(e) false

(f) true

(g) false

(h) true

(i) true

Step-by-step explanation:

(a) 15 ⊂ A, since 15 is not a set, but an element, we cannot say of an element to be subset of a set. False

(b) {15} ⊂ A The subset {15} is a subset of A, since every element of {15}, that is 15, belongs to A.

15 ∈ {15} and 15 ∈ { x ∈ Z: x is an integer multiple of 3 } 15 is  an integer multiple of 3. since 15/3=5. True

(c)∅ ⊂ A

∅ is a subset of any set. True

(d) A ⊆ A

A is a subset of itself. True

(e)∅ ∈ B

∅ is not an element, it is a subset, so it does not belong to any set. False

(f)A is an infinite set.

Yes, there are infinite integers multiple of 3. True

(g)B is a finite set.

No, there are infinite integers that are perfect squares. False

(h)|E| = 3

The number of elements that belong to E are 3. True

(i)|E| = |F|

The number of elements that belong to F are 3. So is the number of elements of E. True

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Answer:

The minimum distance of   √((195-19√33)/8)  occurs at  ((-1+√33)/4; (-1+√33)/4; (17-√33)/4)  and the maximum distance of  √((195+19√33)/8)  occurs at (-(1+√33)/4; - (1+√33)/4; (17+√33)/4)

Step-by-step explanation:

Here, the two constraints are

g (x, y, z) = x + y + 2z − 8  

and  

h (x, y, z) = x ² + y² − z.

Any critical  point that we find during the Lagrange multiplier process will satisfy both of these constraints, so we  actually don’t need to find an explicit equation for the ellipse that is their intersection.

Suppose that (x, y, z) is any point that satisfies both of the constraints (and hence is on the ellipse.)

Then the distance from (x, y, z) to the origin is given by

√((x − 0)² + (y − 0)² + (z − 0)² ).

This expression (and its partial derivatives) would be cumbersome to work with, so we will find the the extrema  of the square of the distance. Thus, our objective function is

f(x, y, z) = x ² + y ² + z ²

and

∇f = (2x, 2y, 2z )

λ∇g = (λ, λ, 2λ)

µ∇h = (2µx, 2µy, −µ)

Thus the system we need to solve for (x, y, z) is

                           2x = λ + 2µx                         (1)

                           2y = λ + 2µy                       (2)

                           2z = 2λ − µ                          (3)

                           x + y + 2z = 8                      (4)

                           x ² + y ² − z = 0                     (5)

Subtracting (2) from (1) and factoring gives

                     2 (x − y) = 2µ (x − y)

so µ = 1  whenever x ≠ y. Substituting µ = 1 into (1) gives us λ = 0 and substituting µ = 1 and λ = 0  into (3) gives us  2z = −1  and thus z = − 1 /2 . Subtituting z = − 1 /2  into (4) and (5) gives us

                            x + y − 9 = 0

                         x ² + y ² +  1 /2  = 0

however, x ² + y ² +  1 /2  = 0  has no solution. Thus we must have x = y.

Since we now know x = y, (4) and (5) become

2x + 2z = 8

2x  ² − z = 0

so

z = 4 − x

z = 2x²

Combining these together gives us  2x²  = 4 − x , so

2x²  + x − 4 = 0 which has solutions

x =  (-1+√33)/4

and

x = -(1+√33)/4.

Further substitution yeilds the critical points  

((-1+√33)/4; (-1+√33)/4; (17-√33)/4)   and

(-(1+√33)/4; - (1+√33)/4; (17+√33)/4).

Substituting these into our  objective function gives us

f((-1+√33)/4; (-1+√33)/4; (17-√33)/4) = (195-19√33)/8

f(-(1+√33)/4; - (1+√33)/4; (17+√33)/4) = (195+19√33)/8

Thus minimum distance of   √((195-19√33)/8)  occurs at  ((-1+√33)/4; (-1+√33)/4; (17-√33)/4)  and the maximum distance of  √((195+19√33)/8)  occurs at (-(1+√33)/4; - (1+√33)/4; (17+√33)/4)

4 0
3 years ago
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