Earthworms have two muscles which is used in locomotion. Both muscles are circular and longitudinal (inner layer of the series of muscles). The diameter of the earthworms body is reduced when the circular muscles are contracted which makes them appear to be thin. The worm appears short when the longitudinal muscles contract thus, its length is reduced.
Amphioxus on the other hand, have two unique muscle fiber types. This includes deep fibers and smaller but mitochondria-rich superficial fibers. E<span>ach of which has its own innervation.</span>
Stellar evolution is the process by which a star undergoes a sequence of radical changes during its lifetime. Depending on the mass of the star, this lifetime ranges from only a few million years (for the most massive) to trillions of years (for the less massive), considerably more than the age of the universe. ^
Small, relatively cold, low mass red dwarfs burn hydrogen slowly and will burn for hundreds of billions of years
Massive hot supergiants will live for just a few million years.
A mid-sized star like the Sun will remain on the main sequence for about 10 billion years. Hope tis helps!!
The sole reason why red blood cells are unable to replace damaged proteins is that red blood cells lack DNA and cell organelles such as the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria which are crucial for protein synthesis, assembly, and repair. In other words, they lack both the information and the machinery for making or repair of proteins.
Due to lack of DNA and cell organelles, red blood cells cannot be able to satisfy the central dogma which summarizes synthesis of proteins as DNA → RNA → proteins.
DNA has the genetic information on how proteins should be made, RNA is responsible for transferring the information from DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, then translating or decoding this information, which results in the making of protein.