1.
are most likely to form more than one type of ions.
2. The name iron (II) indicates that a compound contains ![\boxed{\left( {\text{B}} \right){\text{ iron ions with a 2+ charge}}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cboxed%7B%5Cleft%28%20%7B%5Ctext%7BB%7D%7D%20%5Cright%29%7B%5Ctext%7B%20iron%20ions%20with%20a%202%2B%20charge%7D%7D%7D)
Further Explanation:
(1) The elements in which the valence electrons are present in <em>d</em>-orbitals are called <em>d</em>-block elements or transition metals. These have partially filled <em>d</em> orbitals in their ground or in one of the stable oxidation states. The general electronic configuration of transition elements is
. Since all the <em>d</em>-orbitals are similar in energy, transition elements have the tendency to lose 1, 2 or 3 electrons, thus resulting in variable oxidation states. So these metals can form more than one type of ions.
Alkali metals are those elements that have the general electronic configuration of
. These metals lose one electron in order to achieve stable noble gas configuration. So these metals can form ions of +1 charge only.
Halogens are the group of elements that have the general configuration of
. These metals can gain an electron in order to fulfill their outermost valence shell. So halogens can form ions of -1 charge only.
Alkaline earth metals are those elements that have the general electronic configuration of
. These metals can easily lose two electrons in order to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. So these metals can form ions of +2 charge only.
So only transition metals can form more than one type of ions.
(2) Consider an element X with an oxidation state ‘a’. Such an element is written as X(a). Here, the oxidation state of the element is written in the parenthesis, preceded by the letter symbol of the element. Oxidation state is the number of electrons gained, lost or shared during a chemical reaction and is generally written in Roman numerals. In case of simple ions, oxidation number and charge are the same things.
Iron is a transition metal. It can lose two or three electrons to form the corresponding cations. Iron(II) indicates that its oxidation state is +2, which implies that the ions of iron have a charge of +2.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: <em>d</em>-block elements
Keywords: transition metals,<em> d</em>-block elements, <em>d</em>-orbitals, oxidation state, cations, charge, iron, alkali metals, halogens, alkaline earth metals, electronic configuration, noble gas configuration, electrons, +1, +2, -1, partially filled.