<span>In order for a bill to be presented to the President for signature, it must pass both the House and Senate in the exact same form. The device used for reaching agreement between the two Houses is often, but not always, a conference committee. Sometimes differences between the two bodies are resolved by amendment — e.g., the House will agree to the bill as passed by the Senate with an amendment and the Senate will subsequently concur with that amendment.</span>
A Sacrifice or a Compromise
The first alternative is correct.
Political economy can often be conflicting.
The main instruments of economic policy are monetary policy and fiscal policy. Both can be used to stimulate or discourage the economy. In this way, when they are adopted with the opposite sign, they are an example of conflict, as described in this exercise.
If the government wants to stimulate the economy through increased spending (expansionary fiscal policy), it will be injecting money into the economy. However, the main cause of inflation is excess currency in circulation. Thus, a contractionary monetary policy aims to wipe out the supply of money to contain inflation. That is, the first measure is inflationary to stimulate the economy, but the second is anti-inflationary, however contractionary.
<em>"Suppose the government and the Federal Reserve have conflicting goals. The government wants to encourage economic growth by </em><em>increasing spending</em><em>, but the Federal Reserve wants to decrease inflation by </em><em>decreasing the money supply</em><em>".</em>
