Answer:
b. the current yield plus the rate of capital gains.
Explanation:
The rate of return is equal to the current yield plus the rate of capital gains. Rate of return on an investment is equal to the net gain or loss on that investment over a specified period of time compared to the initial investment cost and it is usually expressed in percentage. Thus the rate of return on a coupon is the current yield plus the rate of capital gains.
Answer:
What follows is a bill of indictment. Several of these items end up in the Bill of Rights. Others are addressed by the form of the government established—first by the Articles of Confederation, and ultimately by the Constitution.
The assumption of natural rights expressed in the Declaration of Independence can be summed up by the following proposition: “First comes rights, then comes government.” According to this view: (1) the rights of individuals do not originate with any government, but preexist its formation; (2) the protection of these rights is the first duty of government; and (3) even after government is formed, these rights provide a standard by which its performance is measured and, in extreme cases, its systemic failure to protect rights—or its systematic violation of rights—can justify its alteration or abolition; (4) at least some of these rights are so fundamental that they are “inalienable,” meaning they are so intimately connected to one’s nature as a human being that they cannot be transferred to another even if one consents to do so. This is powerful stuff.
At the Founding, these ideas were considered so true as to be self-evident. However, today the idea of natural rights is obscure and controversial. Oftentimes, when the idea comes up, it is deemed to be archaic. Moreover, the discussion by many of natural rights, as reflected in the Declaration’s claim that such rights “are endowed by their Creator,” leads many to characterize natural rights as religiously based rather than secular. As I explain in The Structure of Liberty: Justice and the Rule of Law, I believe his is a mistake.
Answer:
When more fertilizer is applied than plants can take up, the surplus nutrients, particularly nitrogen, can be lost to the environment. Unused nitrogen fertilizer can leach downward into groundwater, enter nearby surface waters through runoff, or be released into the atmosphere as gases.
Explanation:
Answer:
Agriculture was the main economic activity in ancient Mesopotamia. Operating under harsh constraints, notably the arid climate, the Mesopotamian farmers developed effective strategies that enabled them to support the development of the first states, the first cities, and then the first known empires, under the supervision of the institutions which dominated the economy: the royal and provincial palaces, the temples, and the domains of the elites. They focused above all on the cultivation of cereals and sheep farming, but also farmed legumes, as well as date palms in the south and grapes in the north.
Explanation:
