Granting access to a user based upon how high up he is in an organization violates "the principle of least privileges."
As the principle of least privileges states that a person should be given only those privileges that are needed or are necessary to perform a specific job or task and nothing more.
The principle of least privileges states that you assign users the minimum set of privileges which they require to do their jobs, according to their roles.
The principle of least privilege prevents the spread of malware on your network. An administrator or superuser with access to a lot of other network resources and infrastructure could potentially end up spreading malware to all those other systems which he gets access to.
Hence, if the organization grants access to a user based upon how high up he is then the organization violates the principle of least privileges.
To learn more about the least privileges here:
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Answer: D. decreases by less than $100 billion because the tax multiplier is negative
Explanation:
If the Government were to increase taxes then it would reduce the amount of money for spending (disposable income) that people have to be able to buy goods and services.
As a result they will buy less goods and services but this would be less than the $100 billion tax imposed on them because the effect of the tax multiplier is negative.
Tax Multiplier = -Marginal Propensity to Consume / (1 - MPC)
