Negative transfer is the interference of previous knowledge in something you are trying to learn now. It commonly happens when you've learned and practiced something for a long time, to the point it becomes an automatic action or response. For instance, people who are used to driving manual cars find it difficult to drive automatic ones because their natural reaction to shifting gears are no longer needed. That is the case with Nathan. His previous learning of golf is now obstructing the new learning. He is so accustomed to swinging the golf club a certain way that he ends up swinging the bat the same way.
Point of View. If the author's purpose is the why behind the writing, the point of view is the who. Point of view is all about who is telling or sharing the details. In informational text, it's the author telling the details.
