a. parsimony; simplest; fewest
When selecting among multiple possible phylogenetic trees that fit our data, we commonly use the principle of <u>parsimony</u>, which means we choose the <u>simplest</u> possible hypothesis. In phylogenetic analysis, that means selecting the tree that represents the <u>fewest</u> evolutionary changes or mutations.
Explanation:
Phylogeny describes the evolutionary history of on organism or group of organisms.
A phylogenetic tree structure is used to describe the relationship between various organisms which have originated from common ancestors.
The Principle of Parsimony is best applied while constructing phylogenetic tree.
This principle emphasizes on simple observations on a phylogeny which requires only few changes or variations which explain for the difference between the phylogenic sequences.
This tree structure will only have few specific genetic variations or mutations or evolutionary changes which took place through new appearance of a trait or disappearance of an existing trait.
Answer:
Panther Has no spots on its long body or tail. But it ha shiny coat of dark fur, they have small heads , really strong jaws and mostly green eyes.
Explanation:
I hope this helps
Answer: The central nervous system (CNS) is the collection of neurons that make up the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the collection of neurons that link the CNS to our skin, muscles, and glands. Neurons are specialized cells, found in the nervous system, which transmit information
Explanation:
Replacing lysine with aspartic acid is really a change in the primary structure (the sequence of the amino acids - think in a chain). But because they are really different amino acids, the effect is much more profound and will affect the tertiary structure of the protein.
Lysine has a basic, positively charged side chain. Aspartic acid has a negatively charged carboxyl group for its side chain. So, they are two very different amino acids.
Since the tertiary structure of a protein is a result of the interactions of the various interactions of the amino acid side chains, you have to think about what a swap of a basic positive amino acid with a negatively charged amino acid could cause.
For example, if the lysine side chain interacted in ionic interactions (i.e. attraction to a negatively charged amino acid), if you swap it for aspartic acid which is negatively charged it will now repel the other amino acid's side chain and that would disrupt the tertiary structure of the protein. It would also likely cause disruption to the quaternary structure as well.
If this change was in an important part of the protein (e.g. the active site of an enzyme) then it would likely disrupt the proper functioning of this protein.
If you wanted to make the least amount of change to a protein by making a mutation to that lysine amino acid, you would choose other basic amino acids which are histidine and arginine.
Answer:
higher-order conditioning
Explanation:
Pavlov found that a conditioned stimulus with a neutral (unconditioned stimulus ) associated, the dogs will experience the same previous salivation. First food was provided at the same time a bell ring, then the removal of the food, which was a natural trigger to making the dogs salivate was not present, still when ringing the bell, the dogs would act as if they were in front of the food.
This also called Higher Order Conditioning was the cornerstone of Pavlov findings.
The image shows the experiment:
