First we calculate the return on equity(ROE) based on the Du-pont equation
ROE = Net profit margin * Total asset turnover * equity multiplier
Total asset turnover = 1/capital intensity =1/1.08
Equity multiplier = 1+ debt to equity = 1+ 0.54 = 1.54
net profit margin = 6.2% = 0.062
ROE = 0.062*1/1.08*1.54 = 0.0884 = 8.84%
Sustainable growth rate = ROE*(1- dividend payout)
Sustainable growth rate = 0.0884*(1-0.4)
Sustainable growth rate= 0.053 = 5.3%
Sustainable growth rate = 5.30%
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Answer:
A. Movement on the PPC
B. Rightwards / Outwards shift of PPC
C. Less Concavity of PPC
Explanation:
Production Possibility Curve is combination of two goods that an economy can produce, given resources & technology (efficient utilisation).
- It is a downward sloping curve as more of one good can be produced by sacrifising other good, same resources & technology.
- It is concave curve because of increasing marginal opportunity cost, i.e increasing amounts of a good to be sacrifised to gain additional amount of other good, as resources are not equally efficient in production of both goods.
- Points on PPC reflect full utilisation, points under PPC reflect under utilisation, points above PPC are unattainable.
a) A disagreement between persons favouring more domestic welfare spending or national welfare spending : Is just an issue of reallocation of same resources, technology. So, PPC doesn't change & there can only be movement on the PPC (more of one good, less of other good)
b) An increase in population : leads to increase in human resource & hence the PPC shifts outwards / rightwards as the production potential of economy rise with more human resource.
c) Technological change that make resources less specialised : would reduce resources' efficiency gap in production of two goods. So, Marginal Opportunity cost reduces & hence the PPC becomes less concave.
<span>The marginal product of labor eventually slopes downward due to the law of diminishing marginal productivity. The law of diminishing marginal productivity is a principle within economics. This principle states even if you increase input in one area and keep the others the same, output does increase, there will be limited effect and eventually balance back out resulting in no effect on the output. </span>
