The pre-tax cost of debt is yield to maturity of the debt.
The yield to maturity of debt is calculated as -
Yield to maturity = ]Coupon payment + ( Face value - Current price) / Number of years)] / [ ( Face value + Current price) / 2]
Here,
Coupon payment = $ 29.50 (semi-annual, thus 5.9% / 2 * 1000)
Face value = $ 1,000
Price = $ 1,000 * 108% = $ 1,080
Number of years = 12 ( semi-annual, thus 6 years * 2)
Pre-tax cost of debt = [ 29.50 + (1,000 - 1080/12)] / [ (1000+1080)/2 ]
Pre-tax cost of debt = 2.196 %
Annual pre-tax cost of debt = = 2.20 % * 2 = 4.40%
After tax cost of debt = ( 1 - tax rate ) * Annual pre-tax cost of debt
After tax cost of debt = ( 1 - 35%) * 4.40 %
After tax cost of debt = 2.86 %
It should be noted that the study of how resources are distributed for production of goods and services within a social system is called Economics.
<h3>What is Economics?</h3>
Economics can be regarded as a social science which focus on the study of production as well as distribution, and consumption of goods as well as services.
Therefore, economics focus on how resources are distributed for production of goods.
Learn more about economics at:
brainly.com/question/25791968
A bilateral is a formal agreement between two or more governments!
Answer:
Explanation:
Step 1:
the auditor is required to provide reasonable assurance for the financial statement audited.To provide such reasonable assurance,appropriate evidence must be obtained to confirm that no material misstatement material is present in the financial statement
Step 2:
For each statement select true or false in the following manner
a. A recent improvement in computer hardware is the ability to automatically produce error listings. Previously, this was possible only when provisions for such a report were included in the program.
FALSE
b. The control of input and output to and from the information systems department should be performed by an independent data control group.
TRUE
c. An internal-audit computer program that continuously monitors IT processing is a feasible approach for improving internal control in OLRT systems.
TRUE
d. An internal label is one of the controls built into magnetic tape drive hardware by the hardware manufacturers.
FALSE
e. A limit test in a computer program is comparable to a decision that an individual makes in a manual system to judge a transaction's reasonableness.
TRUE
f. A principal advantage of using magnetic tape files is that data need not be recorded sequentially.
FALSE
g. A major advantage of disk files is the ability to gain random access to data on the disk.
TRUE
h. The term grandfather-father-son refers to a method of protecting computer records rather than to generations in the evolution of computer hardware.
TRUE
i. When they are not in use, tape and disk files should be stored apart from the computer room under the control of a librarian.
TRUE
A. 1% increase in the price of the good causes the supply curve to shift upward by 4 percent.
