Question

Be sure to answer all parts. Write the equations representing the following processes. In each case, be sure to indicate the physical state of the ions. 1. The electron affinity of S⁻:
2. The third ionization energy of titanium:
3. The electron affinity of Mg²⁺:
4. The ionization energy of O²⁻:

Answer 1

Answer:

1.$S^{-}(g)+e^{-} \rightarrow S^{2-}(g)$

2.$Ti^{2+}(g) \rightarrow Ti^{3+}(g) \,\, IE = 2652.5\,kJ.mol^{-1}$

3.The electron affinity of  $Mg^{2+}$ is zero.

4.$O^{2-}(g) \rightarrow O^{-}(g)+e^{-}$

Explanation:

1.

Electron affinity:

It is defined as the amount of energy change when an electron is added to atom in the gaseous phase.

The electron affinity of $S^{-}$ is as follows.

$S^{-}(g)+e^{-} \rightarrow S^{2-}(g)$

2.

Ionization energy:

Amount of energy required to removal of an electron from an isolated gaseous atom.

The third ionization energy of Titanium is as follows.

$Ti^{2+}(g) \rightarrow Ti^{3+}(g) \,\, IE = 2652.5\,kJ.mol^{-1}$

3.

The electronic configuration of Mg: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}$

By the removal of two electrons from a magnesium element we get $Mg^{2+}$ ion.

$Mg^{2+}$ has inert gas configuration i.e,$1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}$

Hence, it does not require more electrons to get stability.

Therefore,the electron affinity of  $Mg^{2+}$ is zero.

4.

The ionization energy of $O^{2-}$ is follows.

$O^{2-}(g) \rightarrow O^{-}(g)+e^{-}$