Answer: Longitudinal study
Explanation: Longitudinal study refers to recurrent observation gathered on a particular set of variables over a certain period of time. Longitudinal studies could be carried out on the same variable or set of variables over a short or long period of time ranging from days, weeks, years or even decades. They are mostly conducted to study changes in traits of measured variables over time.
Testing memories of a single group of children over a constant period of time could be used to determine variation in memories of children as they age.
I believe the answer is: Known-groups paradigm
A study is considered to have Known-groups paradigm if the researchers understand that the measure that they take will discriminate a certain groujp of subjects because of their known behavior.
From the case above Dr. Sheffield create a test to determine whether the subject unable to resist impulses to gamble.
The subjects that he use is <u>a group of ex-gamblers</u> who acknowledge they have a gambling problem (gamblers anonymous) and a group of ex-alcoholic who acknowledge they have drinking problem (AA). We can say with high certainty that dr. Sheffield <u>knew really well that people on GA will have higher scores.</u> He just want to how big is the difference compared to the scores from AA group.
Answer is true.
Hope it helped.
-Charlie