COPD, emphysema, bronchitis , and asthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which incorporates chronic bronchitis.
<h3>What about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?</h3>
- COPD symptoms include persistent coughing or wheezing.
- Excessive sputum or phlegm.
- Respiration difficulty.
- The signs and symptoms include wheezing, expulsion mucus (sputum), and trouble breathing.
- It's frequently brought on by prolonged exposure to irritant gases or particulates, most often from cigarette smoke.
- Heart disease, carcinoma , and a variety of other diseases are more likely to occur in people with COPD.
- In around 9 out of each 10 cases, smoking is regarded to be the first cause of COPD.
- The lining of the lungs and airways can get damaged by the toxic compounds in smoke.
- Quitting smoking can help stop the deterioration of COPD.
- Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers are the initial line of therapy for the bulk of COPD patients.
- Breathing is formed easier by bronchodilators, which relax and expand the airways.
- Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers are available in two varieties: beta-2 agonist inhalers, like salbutamol and terbutaline.
- For those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have (or are in danger for) hypercapnia, an excessive amount of oxygen can be harmful.
- Patients with hypercapnia are frequently over oxygenated, despite established standards and acknowledged danger.
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Answer:
Pulmonary circulation
Explanation:
is the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, then back to the heart again. Oxygen-depleted blood from the body leaves the systemic circulation when it enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior venae cavae.
Answer:
To produce thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin.
Explanation:
The question refers to the thyroid
Answer:
Common causes of blindness are diabetic neuropathy, glaucoma and cataracts.
Explanation:
Blindness refers to the complete lack of functional vision.It occurs when an inadequate amount of light hits the retina, or the information has not been delivered to the brain correctly.
Complete blindness : characterized by a complete and total loss of vision. Merck Manuals reports that legal blindness is defined as having equal to or worse than a 20/200 visual acuity in the better eye. Having a visual acuity of 20/200 means that someone with normal vision can see an object at 200 feet, and a person with impaired vision can see at a distance no further than 20 feet. Several different diseases can cause complete blindness; some develop later in life and some are present at birth. The leading cause of blindness in the United States is diabetes, according to the National Eye Institute. Diabetes causes diabetic retinopathy, which results in destruction of the retina. Other causes of complete blindness include age-related macular degeneration, which the National Eye Institute calls the most common cause of blindness in adults who are 60 or older; cataracts, which obstructs light from hitting the retina because of opaque patches on a lens; and glaucoma, which causes blindness due to damage to the optic nerve.
Color Blindness
:
People who have color blindness, also called dyschromatopsia, are unable to distinguish certain colors. This type of blindness more commonly affects men than women. Merck Manuals reports that the most common form of color blindness is red-green color blindness, which makes it difficult to distinguish certain shades of red and green. Color blindness is almost always present at birth, and is usually caused by the presence of a defective gene on the X chromosome. The reason that more men are affected by color blindness than women is that women have two X chromosomes; thus, even if they are "carriers" of a bad gene, their other X chromosome usually has a functional gene. Because men have only one X chromosome, the presence of one bad gene is sufficient to cause color blindness. Defective retinal cells result in some forms of color blindness; other forms are caused by defects in the optic nerve.
Night Blindness
:
Night blindness is vision impairment that occurs at night or when light is dim. It does not generally result in a complete lack of vision but significantly impaired vision. People with night blindness often have difficulty driving at night or seeing stars. Several different factors cause night blindness, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. These factors include cataracts, birth defects, a vitamin A deficiency, or a retinal disease called retinitis pigmentosa
