Answer:
The After Tax Cost of Debt = 0.072 or 7.2%
Explanation:
The question is to determine the After Tax Cost of Debt for Rolling Stone.
This is carried out as follows
Step 1: When we decide to calculate the Yield to Maturity, it should be noted that Market Value = Par Value
Therefore,
Coupon Rate which is the same as the Yield to Maturity (YTM) = 12%
Step 2: Based on this derivative, therefore,
After Tax Cost of Debt = Yield TO Maturity Rate (1-Marginal Tax Rate)
= 12% (1-40%)
= 0.12 (1-0.4)
The After Tax Cost of Debt = 0.072 or 7.2%
Answer: One of the costs of not having insurance is the cost of repairing. Another cost is paying insurance premiums. Losses caused by a lack of insurance are the price of not having insurance.
Answer:
affect nominal but not real variables. This view that money is ultimately neutral is consistent with classical theory.
Explanation:
This idea is held by classical economists (not by most economists) since they believe in the quantitative theory of money:
MV = PQ
- M = quantity of money
- V = velocity of money
- P = price level
- Q = quantity of goods
Classical theory was abandoned 90 years ago (according to classical theory, recessions were not possible and couldn't exist, but then the Great Depression came and the impossible became true). Neo-classical or monetarists appeared in the 1960s, and lately, neo-neo-classical appeared with George W. Bush. The problem with the quantitative theory is that it needs the following things to be true in order to hold, and empirical evidence over the last 90 years showed that none of them are true:
- the velocity of money has to be constant (AND IT IS NOT CONSTANT)
- real output is independent on money supply (NOT TRUE)
- causation goes from money to prices (MODERN ECONOMISTS BELIEVE IT IS THE OTHER WAY)
You reply that "OMOs are the purchase and sale of government securities. To increase the money supply we will buy government securities which increases the amount of reserves in the banking system and fuels deposit expansion".
<u>Option: A</u>
<u>Explanation:</u>
The action of central bank to offer or take liquidity from or into a bank or a collection of banks in its exchange rate currencies is understood as an open market operation or OMO. The central bank is the only origin of such policy which may either purchase or sell the bonds of government on the open market or in what is now often the acceptable option, engage into a repo or protected lending agreement with a commercial bank: the central bank lend the monetary as a reserve over a given period of time and concurrently selects the qualified asset as security.
Here the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board explained OMO for the purpose of their use in the scenario of increasing money supply, by purchasing or selling the bonds or securities of public authorities to eligible bodies for the increment of assets in banking sector to drive the expansion of deposits.
