Answer: B)
has a small negative value.
Explanation:
Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder of a system. If a system moves from an ordered arrangement to a disordered arrangement, the entropy is said to decrease and vice versa.
is positive when randomness increases and
is negative when randomness decreases.
![2H_2S(g)+3O_2(g)\rightarrow 2H_2O(g)+2SO_2(g)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=2H_2S%28g%29%2B3O_2%28g%29%5Crightarrow%202H_2O%28g%29%2B2SO_2%28g%29)
As there are 5 moles of gaseous reactants and 4 moles of gaseous products, the gaseous molecules are decreasing on moving from reactants to products, thus randomness decreases and
is negative.
Thus
has a small negative value.
<h2>Answer:</h2>
Option A is correct;
A.) The atoms are arranged differently in each molecule
<h3>Explanation:</h3>
Water and hydrogen peroxide are made of the same elements: oxygen and hydrogen. However, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has 1 more oxygen than water (H2O).
Hydrogen peroxide is very unstable and breaks down readily into water and a single oxygen molecule.
And also the arrangement of atoms is different in each molecule.
Answer:
Word equation: <u>Potassium chlorate → Potassium chloride + Oxygen</u>
Chemical equation: <u>KClO₃ → KCl + O₂</u>
Explanation:
<em>This is decomposition reaction so there will only be one reactant, which is potassium chlorate.</em>
The chemical equation will be:
KClO₃ → KCl + O₂
The balanced equation would be:
2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂
The word equation will be:
Potassium chlorate → Potassium chloride + Oxygen
Answer:
1
The heat of reaction is ![Q = 170.92 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%20%20170.92%20%5C%20J)
The enthalpy is ![\Delta H = -170.91 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%20%20%3D%20-170.91%20%5C%20J)
2
The concentration of HCl is ![M__{HCl}} =2.468 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=M__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D2.468%20M)
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The volume of
is ![V_{NaOH} = 45 \ cm^3 = \frac{45} {1000} = 0.045 L](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V_%7BNaOH%7D%20%3D%20%2045%20%5C%20cm%5E3%20%3D%20%20%5Cfrac%7B45%7D%20%7B1000%7D%20%3D%20%200.045%20L)
The number of concentration of
is ![M__{NaOH}} = 2M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=M__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%3D%20%202M)
The volume of HCl is
The number of concentration of
is ![M__{HCl}} = 1 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=M__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D%20%201%20M)
The temperature difference is ![\Delta T = 9.4 ^o C](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20%20T%20%20%3D%209.4%20%5Eo%20C)
Now the heat of reaction is mathematically represented as
![Q = m * c_p * \Delta T](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%20%20m%20%2A%20c_p%20%2A%20%5CDelta%20T)
Where
is the specific heat of water with value ![c_p = 4200 J /kg ^o C](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=c_p%20%20%3D%20%204200%20J%20%2Fkg%20%5Eo%20C)
![m = m__{NaOH}} + m__{HCl}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m%20%3D%20%20m__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%2B%20%20m__%7BHCl%7D%7D)
Now ![m__{NaOH}} = V_{NaOH} * M_{NaOH} * Z_{NaOH}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%3D%20%20V_%7BNaOH%7D%20%2A%20M_%7BNaOH%7D%20%2A%20Z_%7BNaOH%7D)
where
is the molar mass of NaOH with the value of 0.04 kg/mol
So ![m__{NaOH}} = 0.045 * 2 * 0.040](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%3D%200.045%20%2A%202%20%2A%200.040)
While
![m__{HCl}} = V_{HCl} * M_{HCl} + Z_{HCl}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D%20%20V_%7BHCl%7D%20%2A%20%20M_%7BHCl%7D%20%2B%20Z_%7BHCl%7D)
Where
is the molar mass of
with the value of 0.03646 kg/mol
![m__{NaOH}} = 0.020 * 1 * 0.03646](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%3D%200.020%20%2A%201%20%2A%200.03646)
![m__{NaOH}} = 0.000729 kg](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%3D%200.000729%20kg)
So
![m = 0.0036 + 0.000729](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m%20%20%3D%200.0036%20%2B%20%200.000729)
![m = 0.00433](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m%20%20%3D%200.00433)
=> ![Q = 0.00433 * 4200 * 9.4](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%20%200.00433%20%2A%204200%20%2A%209.4)
![Q = 170.92 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%20%20170.92%20%5C%20J)
The enthalpy is mathematically represented as
![\Delta H = - Q](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%20%20%3D%20%20-%20Q)
=> ![\Delta H = -170.91 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%20%20%3D%20-170.91%20%5C%20J)
From the second question we are told that
The volume of HCl is ![V_{HCl_1} = 10cm^3 = \frac{10}{1000} = 0.010 L](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V_%7BHCl_1%7D%20%3D%20%2010cm%5E3%20%3D%20%20%5Cfrac%7B10%7D%7B1000%7D%20%3D%200.010%20L)
The volume of NaOH is ![V_{NaOH_1 } = 30 cm^3 = \frac{30}{1000} = 0.03 L](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V_%7BNaOH_1%20%7D%20%3D%20%2030%20cm%5E3%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B30%7D%7B1000%7D%20%3D%20%200.03%20L)
The concentration of NaOH is ![M_{NaOH} = 2 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=M_%7BNaOH%7D%20%3D%20%202%20M)
The first temperature change is ![\Delta T = 4.5 ^oC](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20T%20%20%3D%204.5%20%5EoC)
The second volume of ![V_{HCl_2} = 20 cm^3 = \frac{20}{1000 } = 0.020 m^3](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V_%7BHCl_2%7D%20%3D%20%2020%20cm%5E3%20%3D%20%20%5Cfrac%7B20%7D%7B1000%20%7D%20%3D%20%200.020%20m%5E3)
The mass of NaOH is
![m__{NaOH}} = V_{NaOH} * M_{NaOH} * Z_{NaOH}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%3D%20%20V_%7BNaOH%7D%20%2A%20%20M_%7BNaOH%7D%20%2A%20Z_%7BNaOH%7D)
substituting values
![m__{NaOH}} = 0.03 * 2 * 40](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%3D%20%200.03%20%2A%20%202%20%2A%2040)
![m__{NaOH}} = 3.6 \ g](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BNaOH%7D%7D%20%3D%203.6%20%5C%20g)
The mass of the product formed is
![m = \frac{Q}{c_p * \Delta T}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m%20%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BQ%7D%7Bc_p%20%2A%20%5CDelta%20T%7D)
substituting values
The multiplication by 1000 is to convert it from kg to grams
![m = 4.5 g](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m%20%3D%20%204.5%20g)
Now the mass of HCl is
![m__{HCl}} = m - m__{NaOh}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D%20%20m%20%20-%20m__%7BNaOh%7D%7D)
substituting values
![m__{HCl}} = 4.5 -3.6](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D%204.5%20-3.6)
![m__{HCl}} = 0.9 \ g](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D%200.9%20%5C%20g)
Now the concentration of HCl is
![M__{HCl}} = \frac{m_{HCl}}{(Z_{HCl} * *1000) * V_{HCl_1}}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=M__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7Bm_%7BHCl%7D%7D%7B%28Z_%7BHCl%7D%20%2A%20%2A1000%29%20%2A%20V_%7BHCl_1%7D%7D%7D)
The multiplication of
is to convert it from kg/mol to g/mol
![M__{HCl}} = \frac{0.9}{36.46 * 0.01}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=M__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B0.9%7D%7B36.46%20%20%2A%200.01%7D%7D)
![M__{HCl}} =2.468 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=M__%7BHCl%7D%7D%20%3D2.468%20M)
Answer:
B. smaller and upside-down
Explanation: