Answer:
c. conservation.
Explanation:
Conservation: In psychology, the concept of "conservation" was proposed by one of the renowned psychologists named Jean Piaget and is described in the preoperational stage of the cognitive development theory at the age of four-five years yet it completely develops around seven-eleven years in the concrete operational stage.
The process of "conservation" is explained as the tendency of an individual to gain the capability of thinking logically that leads an individual to believe that a specific quantity will remain same irrespective of the container's adjustment with respect to the size or shape.
In the question above, the given statement signifies the concept of "conservation".
Answer:
challenge students to think for themselves.
help students to organize and structure their thoughts and ideas,
encourage students to vocalize and discuss their views and understandings.
design learning activities and tasks that require students to actively engage.
How WHAT might affected life in Medieval Europe?
I believe the answer is: Cheat in her classes.
People who already perceived themselves as 'incapable' to do something, tend to be more likely to make less effort in doing that activity.
This less effort would lead to a self-serving bias that caused them to be actually fail in doing it. (just like how the students are treated in the class)