All animals with eyes or the eyespots that have been studied so far share a gene in common. When the gene causes lack of eyes in
fruit files, tiny eyes in mice, and missing irises (and other eye parts) in humans. The sequences in humans and mice is identical. There are so few sequences differences with fruit fly that the human/increases version can cause eye formation in eyeless fruit files, even though and last shared a common than 500 million years ago. Pax-6 usually causes the production of a type of light-receptor pigment. In vertebrate eyes, though a different gene (the rh gene family) is responsible for the light-receptor pigments of the retina. The rh gene, like Pax-6, is ancient. In marine ragworm, for example, the rh gene causes production of clock-opsin, which helps regulate the worm's biological clock. Which of these most likely accounts for vertebrate vision? A) In animals more ancient than ragworms, the rh gene(s) coded for visual receptor pigments: in lineages more recent than ran ragworms rh has flip-flopped several times between producing biological clock opsins and visual receptor pigments. B) The Pax-6 gene mutated to become the rh gene among early mammals. C) During vertebrate evolution, the rh for biological clock was co-opted as a gene for visual receptor pigments. D) Pax-6 was lost from the mammalian genome and replaced by the rh gene much later.
PAX5 refers to the member of the Pax gene family, which is, accountable for conducting the genetic information, which will encode the Pax-6 protein. It functions as a master control gene for the maturation of eyes and other sensory organs. Pax6 functions as a regulator in the formation of patterns and coordination needed for the proliferation and differentiation to take place effectively. This ensures that the procedures of oculogenesis and neurogenesis are taking place efficiently.
The PAX6 gene was the outcome of evolution in earlier animals comprising eyespots or eyes. The similar PAX6 gene generates distinct kinds of eyes in distinct species because of the difference in its control of PAX6 expression. At the time of the evolution of vertebrates, the biological clock opsin’s rh gene was chosen as a gene for visual receptor pigments.
Abscisic acid inhibits the growth and stomatal opening, specifically when the plants are exposed to some stress conditions. Abscisic acid also regulates the seed maturation and seed dormancy. ABA concentration in leaves increases multiple folds under drought conditions. Its accumulation in leaves promotes closure of stomata and prevents the water loss by transpiration. ABA is required to restore the turgor pressure under drought conditions by stimulation of stomatal closure.
