The answer is c - surrounded by mountains
Samuel Adams was a Boston-born political leader who played a vital role in moving colonial America to its decisive break with Britain during the American Revolution. The second cousin of President John Adams, Sam Adams helped organize opposition to British taxation, including the Boston Tea Party.
The document that's created by a society to define and organize its government is called a social contract and the constitution. In both, you define how the government looks like and what the government will do in order to ensure the society to function normally.
Because they though their military skill would protect them
I believe it is the speaker of the house
then the pro tempore is next i believe