Answer:
<em>The surface area of square prism = 384 units squared</em>
Step-by-step explanation:
<u><em>Explanation</em></u>:-
<em>Given the square prism side 'a' = 8 units</em>
<em>The surface area of square prism = 2 a² + 4 a h</em>
Given square prism length , width and height also equal identical sides
The surface area of square prism = 2 a² + 4 a h
= 2(8)² + 4 (8)(8)
= 2(64) + 4(64)
= 384 units squared
<u><em>Final answer</em></u>:-
<em>The surface area of square prism = 384 units squared</em>
Answer:
5x+6
Step-by-step explanation:
(1/3*9x)+(1/3*16)+(1/3*2)+2x=
3x+16/3+2/3+2x=
5x+18/3=
5x+6
Answer:
3
Step-by-step explanation:
There is no x in the equation, so I will assume solving for m
Distribute:
3m + 21 = 6m + 12
Subtract 3m and 12
3m = 9
Divide by 3
m = 3
- A DNA strand can act as a template for synthesis of a new nucleic acid strand in which each base forms a hydrogen-bonded pair with one on the template strand (G with C, A with T, or A with U for RNA molecules). The new sequence is thus complementary to the template strand. The copying of DNA molecules to produce more DNA is known as DNA Replication.
-DNA replication takes place at a Y-shaped structure called a replication fork. A self-correcting DNA polymerase enzyme catalyzes nucleotide polymerization in a 5ʹ-to-3ʹ direction, copying a DNA template strand with remarkable fidelity. Since the two strands of a DNA double helix are antiparallel, this 5ʹ-to-3ʹ DNA synthesis can take place continuously on only one of the strands at a replication fork (the leading strand).
-On the lagging strand, short DNA fragments must be made by a “backstitching” process. Because the self-correcting DNA polymerase cannot start a new chain, these lagging-strand DNA fragments are primed by short RNA primer molecules that are subsequently erased and replaced with DNA.
-DNA replication requires the cooperation of many proteins. These include:
*DNA polymerase and DNA primase to catalyze nucleoside triphosphate polymerization;
*DNA helicases and single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins to help in opening up the DNA helix so that it can be copied;
*DNA ligase and an enzyme that degrades *RNA primers to seal together the discontinuously synthesized laggingstrand DNA fragments;
*DNA topoisomerases to help to relieve helical winding and DNA tangling problems. *Many of these proteins associate with each
other at a replication fork to form a highly efficient “replication machine,” through which the activities and spatial movements of the individual components are coordinated.
Major steps involved in DNA replication are as follows:
*Each strand in a parental duplex DNA acts as a template for synthesis of a daughter strand and remains basepaired to the new strand, forming a daughter duplex (semiconservative mechanism).
*New strands are formed in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
*Replication begins at a sequence called an origin.
*Each eukaryotic chromosomal DNA molecule contains multiple replication origins.
*DNA polymerases, unlike RNA polymerases, cannot unwind the strands of duplex DNA and cannot initiate synthesis of new strands complementary to the template strands.
*Helicases use energy from ATP hydrolysis to separate the parental (template) DNA strands.
*Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer, which remains base-paired to the template DNA.
*This initially is extended at the 3′ end by DNA polymerase α (Pol α), resulting in a short (5′ )RNA- (3′)DNA daughter strand.
*Most of the DNA in eukaryotic cells is synthesized by Pol ẟ, which takes over from Pol α and continues elongation of the daughter strand in the 5′ to 3’direction.
*Pol ẟ remains stably associated with the template by binding to Rfc protein, which in turn binds to PCNA, a trimeric protein that
encircles the daughter duplex DNA.
*DNA replication generally occurs by a bidirectional mechanism in which two replication forks form at an origin and move in opposite directions, with both template strands being copied at each fork.
*Synthesis of eukaryotic DNA in vivo is regulated by controlling the activity of the MCM helicases that initiate DNA replication at multiple origins spaced along chromosomal DNA.
*At a replication fork, one daughter strand (the leading strand) is elongated continuously.
*The other daughter strand (the lagging strand) is formed as a series of discontinuous Okazaki fragments from primers synthesized every few hundred nucleotides.
*The ribonucleotides at the 5′ end of each Okazaki fragment are removed and replaced by elongation of the 3′ end of the next Okazaki fragment.
*Finally, adjacent Okazaki fragments are joined by DNA ligase.
