Answer: Identify the promoter and the stop signal (terminator).
Explanation:
DNA is a molecule that contains the genetic information in all living things. This information is used for the synthesis of proteins that make up the body and carry out vital functions of the organism.
The DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around each other to form a double helix structure, where each strand has a central part formed by sugars (deoxyribose in the case of DNA) and phosphate groups. The four basic components of DNA are nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The nucleotides are joined together (A to T and G to C) by chemical bonds and form base pairs that connect the two strands of DNA. Depending on the sequence of nucleotides (which have different bases), different proteins are synthesized.
<u>DNA replication consists of synthesizing another identical DNA molecule, using enzymes called polymerases, which are molecules specifically dedicated only to copy DNA. Transcription, on the other hand, is the process by which a copy of messenger RNA (mRNA) is generated from the sequence of a gene in the DNA. </u>This RNA molecule leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it directs protein synthesis (a polymer made up of many amino acids).
<u>Protein synthesis, or translation, involves translating the sequence of an mRNA molecule into an amino acid sequence during protein synthesis.</u> The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding sequence of amino acids it encodes. To begin translation, a start codon (set of 3 bases) must first be identified, which is usually AUG that also codes for the amino acid methionine. Then, the codons that follow are read and the corresponding amino acids are added according to the genetic code. The transfer RNA (tRNA) is complementary to the anticodon at specific codons in the messenger RNA and carries the amino acid coding for the codon. In addition, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is an RNA that is part of ribosomes and is essential for protein synthesis in all living things. rRNAs form the framework of ribosomes and associate with specific proteins to form ribosomal pre-subunits. To finish the translation, a termination codon has to be read, which can be UGA, UAG or UAA.
To revise the model to show transcription to form mRNA, the research should identify the promoter and the stop signal. The promoter is a DNA sequence required to turn a gene on or off. The transcription process starts at the promoter which is usually located near the beginning of a gene and has a binding site for the enzyme that is used to make a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. The enzyme RNA polymerase will keep doing the transcription until it reaches a sequence of DNA that is signal which indicates it should stop. This process is called termination, and it happens once the enzyme reaches this sequence, called terminator.
